Yayin da yanayin Tekun Bahar Maliya ke ƙara zafi, ƙarin jiragen ruwa na kwantena suna ketare hanyar Mashigin Tekun Bahar Maliya zuwa Suez don ketare Cape of Good Hope, kuma yawan jigilar kaya na Asiya-Turai da Asiya-Mediterranean ya ninka sau huɗu.
Masu jigilar kaya suna gaggawar yin oda a gaba don rage tasirin tsawon lokacin jigilar kaya daga Asiya zuwa Turai. Duk da haka, saboda jinkirin da ake samu a tafiyar dawowa, samar da kayan aikin kwantena marasa komai a yankin Asiya yana da matuƙar wahala, kuma kamfanonin jigilar kaya suna iyakance ga "kwangilar VIP" mai yawa ko kuma masu jigilar kaya waɗanda ke son biyan kuɗin jigilar kaya mai yawa.
Duk da haka, har yanzu babu tabbacin cewa dukkan kwantena da aka kawo wa tashar jiragen ruwa za a jigilar su kafin Sabuwar Shekarar China a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, domin kamfanonin jiragen ruwa za su fi son zaɓar kayan da aka kawo musu da farashi mai tsada kuma su jinkirta kwangiloli tare da farashi mai rahusa.
Farashin watan Fabrairu ya wuce $10,000
A karo na 12 a cikin gida, jaridar US Consumer News and Business Channel ta ruwaito cewa tsawon lokacin da ake ciki a yanzu a Tekun Maliya ya ci gaba, haka nan tasirin da ake yi kan jigilar kaya a duniya zai yi yawa, farashin jigilar kaya zai yi tashin gwauron zabi. Yanayin dumamar yanayi a Tekun Maliya yana da tasirin gaske, wanda hakan ke kara hauhawar farashin jigilar kaya a duk duniya.
A bisa kididdiga, wanda lamarin da ya shafi Tekun Bahar Maliya ya shafa, yawan jigilar kwantena a wasu hanyoyin Asiya da Turai ya karu da kusan kashi 600% kwanan nan. A lokaci guda, domin biyan diyya ga dakatarwar hanyar Tekun Bahar Maliya, kamfanonin jigilar kaya da yawa suna canza jiragen ruwansu daga wasu hanyoyin zuwa hanyoyin Asiya-Turai da Asiya-Bahar Maliya, wanda hakan ke kara farashin jigilar kaya a wasu hanyoyin.
A cewar wani rahoto da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon Loadstar, farashin jigilar kaya tsakanin China da Arewacin Turai a watan Fabrairu ya yi tsada sosai, inda ya kai sama da dala 10,000 a kowace kwantenar mai tsawon ƙafa 40.
A lokaci guda kuma, ma'aunin tabo na kwantena, wanda ke nuna matsakaicin ƙimar jigilar kaya na ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya ci gaba da hauhawa. A makon da ya gabata, a cewar Delury World Container Freight Composite Index WCI, ƙimar jigilar kaya a hanyoyin Shanghai-Northern Europe ta karu da kashi 23% zuwa $4,406 /FEU, sama da kashi 164% tun daga ranar 21 ga Disamba, yayin da ƙimar jigilar kaya daga Shanghai zuwa Bahar Rum ta karu da kashi 25% zuwa $5,213 /FEU, sama da kashi 166%.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙarancin kayan aikin kwantena marasa komai da kuma takunkumin busassun kaya a mashigin ruwan Panama sun kuma ƙara yawan jigilar kaya zuwa yankin Pacific, wanda ya karu da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku tun daga ƙarshen Disamba zuwa kusan dala 2,800 a kowace ƙafa 40 tsakanin Asiya da Yamma. Matsakaicin ƙimar jigilar kaya a Gabashin Asiya da Amurka ya karu da kashi 36 cikin ɗari tun daga Disamba zuwa kusan dala 4,200 a kowace ƙafa 40.
Wasu kamfanonin jigilar kaya sun sanar da sabbin ka'idojin jigilar kaya
Duk da haka, waɗannan farashin wurare za su yi kama da masu rahusa cikin 'yan makonni idan farashin layin jigilar kaya ya cika tsammanin. Wasu layukan jigilar kaya na Transpacific za su gabatar da sabbin farashin FAK, wanda zai fara aiki daga ranar 15 ga Janairu. Kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 40 zai kai dala $5,000 a Gabar Yamma ta Amurka, yayin da kwantena mai tsawon ƙafa 40 zai kai dala $7,000 a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Gabashin Tekun da Gulf Coast.
Yayin da tashin hankali ke ci gaba da ƙaruwa a Tekun Maliya, Maersk ta yi gargaɗin cewa katsewar jigilar kaya a Tekun Maliya na iya ɗaukar tsawon watanni. A matsayinta na babbar mai samar da jiragen ruwa a duniya, Mediterenian Shipping (MSC) ta sanar da ƙaruwar farashin jigilar kaya a ƙarshen Janairu daga ranar 15 ga wata. Masana'antar ta yi hasashen cewa ƙimar jigilar kaya ta hanyar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar Pacific za ta iya kaiwa mafi girma tun farkon shekarar 2022.
Jirgin Ruwa na Mediterenian (MSC) ya sanar da sabbin farashin jigilar kaya a rabin na biyu na watan Janairu. Daga ranar 15 ga wata, farashin zai tashi zuwa dala 5,000 a kan hanyar Amurka zuwa Yamma, dala 6,900 a kan hanyar Amurka zuwa Gabas, da kuma dala 7,300 a kan hanyar Tekun Mexico.
Bugu da ƙari, kamfanin CMA CGM na Faransa ya kuma sanar da cewa daga ranar 15 ga wata, yawan jigilar kwantena masu tsawon ƙafa 20 zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa na yammacin Bahar Rum zai ƙaru zuwa dala $3,500, kuma farashin kwantena masu tsawon ƙafa 40 zai tashi zuwa dala $6,000.
Har yanzu akwai manyan rashin tabbas
Kasuwar na sa ran ci gaba da kawo cikas ga sarkar samar da kayayyaki. Bayanan bincike na Kuehne & Nagel sun nuna cewa ya zuwa ranar 12 ga wata, an tabbatar da cewa adadin jiragen ruwan kwantena da aka karkatar saboda yanayin Tekun Red Sea ya kai 388, tare da kiyasin cewa jimillar jiragen ruwan TEU miliyan 5.13 ne. Jiragen ruwa arba'in da daya sun riga sun isa tashar jiragen ruwa ta farko da za su isa bayan an karkatar da su. A cewar kamfanin nazarin bayanai kan harkokin sufuri na Project44, zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa a kullum a Suez Canal ya ragu da kashi 61 cikin 100 zuwa matsakaicin jiragen ruwa 5.8 tun kafin harin Houthi.
Masu sharhi kan kasuwa sun nuna cewa hare-haren da Amurka da Birtaniya ke kai wa kan wuraren da 'yan Houthi ke kai hari ba zai kwantar da hankalin da ake ciki a yanzu a Tekun Bahar Maliya ba, amma zai ƙara yawan tashin hankalin cikin gida, wanda hakan zai sa kamfanonin jigilar kaya su guji hanyar Tekun Bahar Maliya na tsawon lokaci. Daidaita hanyar ya kuma yi tasiri ga yanayin lodi da sauke kaya a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, inda lokutan jira a manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Durban da Cape Town na Afirka ta Kudu suka kai ninki biyu.
"Ba na tsammanin kamfanonin jigilar kaya za su koma hanyar Tekun Bahar Maliya nan ba da jimawa ba," in ji mai sharhi kan kasuwa Tamas. "A ganina, bayan hare-haren Amurka da Birtaniya kan wuraren da 'yan Houthi ke kai wa, tashin hankalin da ke faruwa a Tekun Bahar Maliya ba wai kawai zai tsaya ba, har ma zai ƙaru."
Dangane da hare-haren sama na Amurka da Birtaniya kan dakarun Houthi a Yemen, kasashe da dama na Gabas ta Tsakiya sun nuna matukar damuwa. Masu sharhi kan kasuwa sun ce akwai rashin tabbas game da halin da ake ciki a Tekun Maliya. Duk da haka, idan Saudiyya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da sauran masu samar da mai na Gabas ta Tsakiya suka shiga cikin lamarin nan gaba, zai haifar da gagarumin sauyi a farashin mai, kuma tasirin zai fi yawa.
Bankin Duniya ya fitar da wani gargaɗi a hukumance, yana mai nuni da ci gaba da rikicin siyasa da kuma yiwuwar kawo cikas ga samar da makamashi.
Majiyoyi: Kanun Labarai kan zare na sinadarai, Cibiyar Yadi ta Duniya, Cibiyar sadarwa
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-17-2024