Layukan kwance lahani ne na sakar da aka saba samu a cikin injin sakar da'ira wanda ke faruwa sakamakon rashin daidaiton injin, ƙarancin ingancin kayan da aka ƙera da sauran dalilai. Gabaɗaya akwai nau'i biyu: layukan kwance da aka ɓoye da kuma layukan kwance na monofilament. Dangane da gabatar da halayen tsarin yadudduka masu zagaye, wannan takarda tana nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan daga ɓangarorin kayan, hanyoyin, abubuwan da ke cikin injin da kuma daidaita tsari, kuma tana gabatar da matakan kariya da gyara da suka dace.
Dalilai da Matakan Rigakafi da Gyara na Ɓoyayyun Ratsi a Kwance
Layukan kwance da aka ɓoye suna nufin abin da ke faruwa na rashin daidaiton yawa a saman yadi wanda ke faruwa sakamakon canje-canje lokaci-lokaci a girman madauki a lokacin zagayowar aiki ɗaya na na'urar. Gabaɗaya, kayan da aka yi amfani da su ba su da yuwuwar haifar da ɓoyayyun layukan kwance. Wannan lahani galibi yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin daidaiton lokaci-lokaci saboda jinkirin daidaitawa bayan lalacewa ta injina.
1.1 Dalilai
a. Saboda ƙarancin daidaiton shigarwa ko kuma mummunan lalacewa da kayan aiki ke haifarwa, daidaiton daidaito da karkacewar silinda mai zagaye na injin sakawa ya wuce juriyar da aka yarda da ita. Matsalar da aka saba fuskanta ita ce gibin da ke tsakanin fil ɗin sanyawa na babban farantin gear na tuƙi da kuma ramin sanya firam, wanda ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na silinda kuma yana shafar ciyar da zare da cire madauki sosai.
Bugu da ƙari, tsufar kayan aiki da lalacewar injina suna ƙara yawan gudu na babban farantin gear na tuƙi, wanda ke haifar da karkacewar silinda, canjin matsin lamba na zare, girman madauki mara kyau, har ma da ɓoyayyun layukan kwance akan masakar launin toka a cikin mawuyacin hali.
b. A lokacin samarwa, zaruruwan tashi da sauran abubuwan waje suna shiga cikin na'urar daidaitawa ta faifan saurin canzawa na tsarin ciyar da zaren, wanda ke lalata zagayensa, yana haifar da saurin bel ɗin lokaci mai daidaitawa da kuma yawan ciyar da zaren da ba shi da tabbas, wanda hakan ke haifar da ɓoyayyun layukan kwance.
c. Injinan saka na zagaye da ke amfani da hanyoyin ciyar da zare marasa aiki suna da wuya a shawo kan matsalar bambancin tashin hankali na babban zare yayin ciyarwa, wanda ke iya haifar da tsawaita zaren da ba zato ba tsammani da bambancin yawan ciyar da zaren, wanda hakan ke haifar da ɓoyayyun layukan kwance.
d. Injinan saka mai zagaye tare da hanyoyin ɗaukar kaya lokaci-lokaci suna fuskantar babban canjin tashin hankali yayin ɗaukar kaya, wanda cikin sauƙi ke haifar da bambance-bambance a tsawon madauki.
1.2 Matakan Rigakafi da Gyara
a. A shafa saman wurin da farantin gear yake a lantarki zuwa kauri mai dacewa kuma a sarrafa kwararar farantin gear a cikin 0.01–0.02 mm. A goge layin ƙwallon ƙasa, a shafa mai mai shafawa, sannan a daidaita ƙasan silinda da kushin elastomer mai laushi da siriri don sarrafa kwararar silinda a cikin kimanin 0.02 mm. A daidaita kyamarar sinki akai-akai, a kula da nisan da ke tsakanin kyamarar sinki da wutsiyar sabuwar na'urar sinki a cikin 0.30–0.50 mm, kuma a rage karkacewar matsayi na kowane na'urar sinki a cikin 0.05 mm, don tabbatar da daidaiton zare yana riƙe da tashin hankali na na'urorin sinki yayin cire madauki.
b. Kula da zafin jiki da danshi na wurin aiki. Gabaɗaya, a kula da zafin jiki a kusan digiri 25 na Celsius da kuma danshi mai alaƙa da kashi 75% don hana shaƙar zaruruwa masu tashi da ƙura da wutar lantarki mai tsauri ke haifarwa. A halin yanzu, a ɗauki matakan tattara ƙura da suka wajaba don kiyaye tsaftar wurin aiki, da kuma ƙarfafa kula da injina don tabbatar da aiki yadda ya kamata na duk abubuwan da ke juyawa.
c. Canza tsarin ciyar da zare mai aiki zuwa tsarin ciyar da zare mai kyau na nau'in ajiya don rage bambancin tashin hankali yayin jagorantar zare. Ana ba da shawarar a sanya na'urar sa ido kan gudu don daidaita tashin hankalin ciyar da zare.
d. Canza tsarin ɗaukar kaya na lokaci-lokaci zuwa tsarin ɗaukar kaya na ci gaba don tabbatar da ci gaba da naɗewar yadi da kuma daidaito da daidaiton matsin lamba na naɗewa.
Dalilai da Matakan Rigakafi da Gyara na Rabe-raben Kwance na Monofilament
Layukan kwance na monofilament suna nufin abin da ke faruwa inda madaukai ɗaya ko da yawa a saman masana'anta suka fi girma, ƙanƙanta ko rashin daidaituwa fiye da sauran darussa. A ainihin samarwa, layukan kwance na monofilament da kayan aiki ke haifarwa sune mafi yawan.
2.1 Dalilai
a. Rashin ingancin zare da bambancin launin monofilament (misali, zare mai tauri, zaren sinadarai na nau'ikan daban-daban, zaren da ba a rina ba, ko amfani da zaren gauraye masu lambobi daban-daban) kai tsaye yana haifar da layukan kwance na monofilament.
b. Babban bambance-bambance a girman fakitin ko lahani na fakiti kamar kumburin kafada da rugujewar gefen yana haifar da rashin daidaituwar tashin hankali na kwance zare, wanda ke haifar da layukan kwance na monofilament cikin sauƙi. Wannan saboda girman fakiti daban-daban yana haifar da wurare daban-daban na juyawa da diamita na balan-balan na kwance, don haka bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin dokar bambancin tashin hankali na kwance zare. A lokacin saka, lokacin da bambancin tashin hankali ya kai matsakaicin ƙima, zai haifar da rashin daidaituwar adadin ciyar da zare, wanda hakan ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar girman madauki.
c. Lokacin sarrafa kayan da aka yi da ramuka masu zurfi da kuma masu laushi sosai, ya kamata a kiyaye hanyar zaren kamar yadda zai yiwu. Ƙarancin ƙaiƙayi ko tauri mai a kan kowace ƙugiya ta jagora ta zare na iya haifar da karyewar monofilaments da yawa cikin sauƙi, sannan bambancin launi na monofilament ya biyo baya. Idan aka kwatanta da sarrafa kayan da aka yi da na gargajiya, wannan nau'in kayan yana da buƙatu masu tsauri akan kayan aiki, kuma yadin da aka gama ya fi saurin kamuwa da layukan kwance na monofilament.
d. Daidaita injin da bai dace ba (misali, kyamarar danna allura mai zurfi ko zurfi a wani matsayi) yana haifar da tashin hankali na zare mara kyau da bambance-bambance a girman madauri.
2.2 Matakan Rigakafi da Gyara
a. Tabbatar da ingancin kayan da aka yi amfani da su kuma a fifita kayan da aka yi amfani da su daga masana'antun da aka san su da kyau. A sanya tsauraran buƙatu kan aikin rini da alamun zahiri na kayan da aka yi amfani da su: ya kamata ma'aunin karko na launi ya kasance sama da matakin 4.0, kuma ya kamata a rage yawan bambancin duk alamun zahiri.
b. Ya fi kyau a zaɓi fakitin da ba su da nauyi don sarrafawa. Zaɓi fakitin da diamita mai kama da juna don lodawa na'ura, kuma a ƙi fakitin da ba su da kamanni sosai (misali, kumburin kafada da rugujewar gefen). A lokacin rini da kammalawa, ana ba da shawarar a yi rini samfurin a layi ɗaya. Idan layukan kwance suka bayyana, a sake rini masakar da launuka marasa laushi ko a ƙara abubuwan da ke kawar da layukan don kawar ko rage lahani.
c. Lokacin sarrafa kayan da aka yi da ramuka masu zurfi da kuma masu laushi, a duba sosai don ganin ko zare masu laushi ne. Bugu da ƙari, a tsaftace hanyar zare kuma a duba ko duk jagororin zare suna da santsi. A lokacin samarwa, a lura da tarin zare masu laushi da suka makale, sannan a dakatar da injin nan da nan don gano musabbabin da zarar an gano irin wannan matsalar.
d. Tabbatar da daidaiton zurfin cam ɗin da ke matse allura a duk hanyoyin ciyar da zare. Yi amfani da kayan aikin auna tsawon zare don daidaita matsayin cam ɗin da ke samar da madauki a kowace hanya, don kiyaye daidaiton adadin ciyar da zare. Bugu da ƙari, duba cam ɗin da ke samar da madauki a kowace hanya don ganin lalacewa, domin daidaita cam ɗin da ke samar da madauki yana shafar tashin hankalin ciyar da zare kai tsaye, wanda hakan ke ƙayyade girman madauki na ƙarshe.
Kammalawa
- Layukan kwance masu siffar monofilament da ingancin kayansu ke haifarwa sune lahani mafi yawa a cikin samar da yadi mai zagaye. Saboda haka, zaɓar kayan da suka dace da kyau da inganci mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don samar da injin ɗin ɗinki mai zagaye.
- Kula da injina a kullum yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Lalacewar wasu sassan injina bayan aiki na dogon lokaci zai ƙara daidaito da karkacewar silinda mai zagaye, wanda hakan ke iya haifar da layukan kwance.
- Daidaitawar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar amfani da cam ɗin da ke matse allura da kuma madaurin sink yayin samarwa zai haifar da madaukai marasa kyau, ƙaruwar bambancin tashin hankali na ciyar da zare, yawan ciyar da zare mara daidaito, da kuma daga ƙarshe madaukai a kwance.
- Saboda halayen tsarin madauki na yadin da aka saka da zagaye, yadin da ke da tsari daban-daban sun bambanta a cikin yadda suke ji game da ratsin kwance. Gabaɗaya, yadin da aka saka da jersey guda ɗaya (misali, jersey) suna da yuwuwar samun ratsin kwance mafi girma don haka suna buƙatar buƙatu masu tsauri don injina da kayan masarufi. Bugu da ƙari, yadin da aka sarrafa da kayan da aka saka da ramuka masu zurfi da ƙarancin ƙima suma suna da haɗarin samun ratsin kwance mai yawa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-24-2025